An
'unreviewable and irreversible power ... to
acquit'
By Vin Suprynowicz Published 08. 3. 02 at 22:25 Sierra Time I
was called for jury duty again July 29. Judge
John McGroarty of the 16th Department was
attempting to seat a jury for the murder trial
of one Daniel R. Jones, who allegedly stabbed
his younger brother Steven to death a year ago
in a condominium near Owens Avenue and Lamb
Boulevard.
Well, to be more accurate, one
Daniel R. Jones had certainly stabbed his
brother to death a year ago in a condominium
near Owens Avenue and Lamb Boulevard -- a jury
was now needed to determine whether his act was
premeditated; whether it was justified; whether
it was an "accident" -- in short,
whether this homicide constituted a
"murder," in the legal sense, at all. Twelve prospective jurors were
seated in the jury box -- I was one of a
stockpile of 30 "extras" held in
reserve to replace any of those fortunate 12 who
should be dismissed, either for cause or via the
peremptory challenges allowed the attorneys both
of the state and of the defense. My fellow jurors-to-be seemed a
decent enough lot, but honesty requires me to
report that the spectacle of the "voir
dire" questioning led and encouraged by
Judge McGroarty was pretty pathetic. The defense
asked the 12 men and women in the box,
"Just because someone has expressed remorse
for something doesn't mean they've admitted that
they caused it, right?" Twelve jurors looked confused. "For example: Just because
I say I'm sorry my brother was in a car accident
doesn't mean I've admitted I cause the accident,
does it?" clarified defense attorney
Jennifer Bolton, eliciting agreement by
confusing "sorrow" -- which one can
indeed feel for events out of one's control --
with "remorse," which actually does
designate regret for something one did or failed
to do. Then it was the prosecution's
turn. "Is it ever justified to use deadly
force against someone who is not, himself, armed
with a deadly weapon?" asked Assistant D.A.
Marc DiGiacomo. One after another, 11 jurors
agreed that can never be justified. Finally the
12th juror, a woman of middle age obviously more
thoughtful and assertive than the rest, replied,
"I can imagine a circumstance where a small
woman, for instance, is about to be raped. She
would have the right to pull out a gun or a
knife and say, 'Stop or I'll kill you'; that
would be justified." Like kindergartners hearing an
answer they liked better, the other 11 now
virtually waved their hands in the air, asking
if they could change their responses, too. Here we see another unintended
consequence, I believe, of our having become a
disarmed nation. Young boys first being taught
to shoot the rifle used to receive their first
instruction in the appropriate use of deadly
force from their grandfathers at the age of 10:
Yes, if someone is about to kill or seriously
harm your mother or your sister, you should
shoot them. No, you cannot shoot someone because
you're angry that he stole your bicycle. Yet in America today, apparently
11 citizens out of 12 can reach their 40s or 50s
(the average age of my fellow jury panelists
last week) without having ever seriously
contemplated the circumstances under which the
use of deadly force is justified. (Mind you, women are every bit
as capable as men of learning these lessons, at
the same time they learn the use of the gun.
Those women who have thought long and hard on
when they would be justified in using their own
knives or firearms to take a life are certainly
qualified to sit on a murder jury. Those who
have not, probably should not.) "No one here would want to
legalize any drugs?" asked prosecutor
DiGiacomo. Only one juror in 12 raised his hand
-- in a state which has overwhelmingly voted to
legalize medical marijuana, and where two of the
most addictive drugs known to man -- alcohol and
tobacco -- have been legal for decades. Immediately regressing to the
behavior of schoolchildren picking on a kid
who's given the "wrong answer," many
of my remaining 40 companions laughed out loud
at this poor fellow's obvious faux pas. But in the most insulting part
of the proceedings, Judge McGroarty asked every
prospective juror to enter the box "And
will you promise to obey any instructions in the
law I may give you, even should you disagree
with one or more of them?" Every nodding little lamb (I
never made it into the jury box for questioning,
being the 24th alternate) agreed to thus betray
their most sacred duty as a juror. One correct answer, for the
record, would be to respectfully instruct our
servant and employee, the tax-salaried judge: "The honorable court may
wish to review the words of Founding Father and
second president John Adams, a quite notable
attorney of his time, who said in 1771: 'It is
not only (the juror's) right, but his duty ...
to find the verdict according to his own best
understanding, judgment, and conscience, even
though in direct opposition to the direction of
the court' (1771 2 Life and Works of John Adams,
253-255 -- C.F. Adams ed. 1856.) Any juror modestly well educated
in his duty would then add: "And if by some
mischance the honorable court should somehow
retain the misguided impression that this
doctrine does not still prevail at law, I
respectfully further advise and instruct him to
consult U.S. vs. Moylan, 4th Circuit Court of
Appeals 1969, in which that court - far more
elevated than this one -- held 'We recognize, as
appellants urge, the undisputed power of the
jury to acquit, even if its verdict is contrary
to the law as given by the judge and contrary to
the evidence. ... If the jury feels that the law
under which the defendant is accused is unjust,
or that exigent circumstances justified the
actions of the accused, or for any reason which
appeals to their logic or passion, the jury has
the power to acquit, and the court must abide by
that decision.' " (417 F.2d 1002, 1006) Whereupon, the next juror to be
asked the same insolent question would patiently
refer the ignorant trial judge to the ruling of
the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals in the 1972
case U.S. vs. Dougherty, in which that
higher court ruled that all juries have an
"unreviewable and irreversible power ... to
acquit in disregard of the instructions on the
law given by the trial judge. The pages of
history shine upon instances of the jury's
exercise of its prerogative to disregard
uncontradicted evidence and instructions of the
judge. Most often commended are the 18th century
acquittal of Peter Zenger of seditious libel, on
the plea of Andrew Hamilton, and the 19th
century acquittals in prosecutions under the
fugitive slave law." (473 F.2d 1113, 1130) Whereupon the third juror,
should this nonsense continue, could add the
words of U.S. Supreme Court Justice Samuel
Chase, giving his charge to the jury in the
treason trial of John Freis (9 F. Cas. at 930):
"It is the duty of the court in this case,
and in all criminal cases, to state to the jury
their opinion of the law arising on the facts;
but the jury are to decide on the present, and
in all criminal cases, both the law and the
facts, on their consideration of the whole
case." Since enforcement of the murder
statutes are hardly a matter of current
political debate, Judge McGroarty's question was
completely unnecessary for this panel, of
course. Rather, the reason it's vital for jurors
to understand this power inherent in any system
of citizen juries is because more than one
American in 12 already opposes all gun and drug
laws. Convictions for any such invented
"crime" will thus immediately become
impossible as soon as all citizens have been
apprised of their full and proper jury powers,
and refuse to cooperate any longer in this kind
of intrusive "voir dire" -- a French
term for stacking juries so as to contain only
those citizens who have sworn in advance not to
consider whether the underlying statute is
constitutional. Think how that would clear out
the current backlog of the courts, allowing
cases involving real crimes -- like murder -- to
be dealt with far more promptly. In the end, all 40 of us were
dismissed -- someone forfeited or withdrew the
bail bond, apparently, and the defendant had to
be re-arrested and taken into custody when he
left the courthouse that afternoon. This was
witnessed by some of the prospective jurors, and
some appeals court somewhere has previously
reversed a murder conviction because the jurors
had seen the defendant in handcuffs. (As though
any jury of adults couldn't figure out that a
murder defendant had probably been arrested and
handcuffed at some point in the
proceedings.) So, after wasting a full day of
the court's time, and that of the prospective
jurors, and of the attorneys (who I expect will
not refund their fees), the honorable court was
stuck starting all over again the next day. Where again, I'm sure, Judge
McGroarty inappropriately demanded that each
prospective juror do what he himself would never
consent to do (commit himself in advance to how
he will judge the law or its application in a
specific case), asking: "And will you
promise to obey any instructions in the law I
may give you, even should you disagree with one
or more of them?" Vin Suprynowicz is assistant editorial page editor of the daily Las Vegas Review-Journal, a monthly contributor to "Shotgun News," and the author of "Send in the Waco Killers." For information on his monthly newsletter, "Privacy Alert," or on his new book, "The Ballad of Carl Drega," dial 775-348-8591, e-mail privacyalert@thespiritof76.com, or write 561 Keystone Ave., Suite 684, Reno, NV 89503. Vin Suprynowicz's newly released book, "The Ballad of Carl Drega: Essays on the Freedom Movement, 1994-2001" -- ISPN 0-9670259-2-3 has been named "Book of the Month" by the editors of Free-market.net and has also recently been selected, under "Politics," as a "new book likely to be of interest to TLS readers" by the Times Literary Supplement, Times of London. It was also chosen as Toogood Reports' "Book of the Week". See Vin's web site: Privacy Alert In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107, any copyrighted work in this message is distributed under fair use without profit or payment for non-profit research and educational purposes only. [Ref. http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/17/107.shtml]
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